Table of Contents
Part 1: Overview of Global Energy-Infrastructure Security
Energy security: a worldwide problem
§ The cold war
§ Low-intensity conflict
§ New terrorist threats
§ The changing nature of energy- infrastructure security
Threats and motivations
§ Vandals and saboteurs
§ Criminal activity
§ Low-intensity conflict
§ Terrorism
§ Trans-national conflict
Weapons and tactics
§ Vandalism
§ Sabotage
§ Development of guerrilla strategies
§ Guerrilla tactics
§ Guerrilla attacks on energy infrastructure in Colombia
§ Guerrilla and terrorist weapons: regular and improvised
§ Terrorism
Energy-company operations in high-risk areas
§ Nigeria
§ Colombia
§ Algeria
§ Yemen
§ Pakistan
§ India
§ Ecuador
§ Lessons learned
Part 2: Energy Infrastructure Vulnerability
Energy infrastructure vulnerability overview
§ Oil and gas infrastructure
§ Oil and gas pipeline vulnerability
§ Offshore infrastructure vulnerability
§ Tanker security: war, piracy and terrorism
§ Electricity-infrastructure vulnerability
Oil and gas infrastructure: upstream, downstream and export-facility vulnerability
§ Geophysical-survey equipment and drilling rigs
§ Oil and gas wells
§ Upstream and downstream processing facilities
§ Refineries
§ Oil-storage facilities and tank farms
§ Oil and gas export infrastructure
Oil and gas pipeline vulnerability
§ Pipeline operation and design
§ Products-pipeline considerations
§ Pipeline security considerations
Offshore oil and gas security
§ Vulnerabilities of offshore infrastructure
§ Factors affecting offshore security
§ Offshore risk-mitigation measures
Tanker vulnerability: war, piracy and terrorism
§ Zones of conflict
§ Piracy: a threat to global shipping
§ Terrorism
§ LNG tanker security concerns
§ Risk mitigation
Electricity infrastructure vulnerability
§ Power system disruption
§ Vulnerability overview
§ Generation infrastructure vulnerability
§ Substation vulnerability
§ Transmission and distribution network vulnerability
Part 3: Risk Mitigation
Developing a risk-mitigation strategy
§ Threat assessment
§ Physical security and facility hardening
§ Cost-benefit analysis
§ The host government role
§ Incident response capability
§ Personnel security
§ Community relations
§ Environmental response
§ Developing an integrated security plan
Threat assessment
§ Inventorying assets
§ Identifying vulnerabilities
§ Compiling threat data
§ Diverse threat profile
§ Capability a key factor
§ Making an assessment
Physical Security of Energy Infrastructure
§ Perimeter security
§ Electronic monitoring and intrusion detection
§ Hardening of infrastructure assets
§ Pipeline surveillance and monitoring
§ Pipeline communications security
Conducting a cost-benefit analysis
§ The cost of deterrence
§ Making cost-benefit decisions
§ Advance planning is cost-effective
The host government’s role
§ Government responses around the world
§ Host-government security challenges
§ The reality of host-government response capability
§ Host-government/company relationships
Developing surveillance and incident-response capabilities
§ The government’s role
§ Post-incident investigation
§ Company response plan
§ Incident-repair response
Personnel security
§ Kidnapping threat
§ Motivations
§ Ensuring personnel security
§ Security in the field
§ Security in exploration phases
§ Pipeline spread security
Community relations
§ Global experiences
§ Key aspects of community-relations programmes
§ Security benefits
Environmental response
§ Real world issues
§ Environmental issues and security
Developing an integrated security plan
§ Threat assessments are for real
§ What is the real cost?
§ Preparing for the worst
§ Picking the right team
§ Host-government liaison
§ Community relations
§ Developing an integrated security plan
Maps and illustrations
Part 4: Country Profiles
§ Afghanistan
§ Albania
§ Algeria
§ Angola
§ Bangladesh
§ Bolivia
§ Brazil
§ Canada
§ The Caspian region
§ Chad
§ Chile
§ China
§ Colombia
§ Congo (Brazzaville)
§ Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
§ Ecuador
§ Ethiopia
§ Former Yugoslavia
§ Guatemala
§ India
§ Indonesia
§ Iran-Iraq War
§ Iraq
§ Kuwait
§ Mexico
§ Mozambique
§ Myanmar (Burma)
§ Nigeria
§ Pakistan
§ Papua New Guinea
§ Peru
§ Philippines
§ Russia
§ Saudi Arabia
§ Singapore
§ South Africa
§ South China Sea
§ Sri Lanka
§ Sudan
§ Thailand
§ Turkey
§ Uganda
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